C programlama dilinde veri tipleri ve değişkenler konusunu 3 başlık altında ele alacağız
VERİ TİPLERİ
Veri tipleri bilgisayarların işlediği verilerin nasıl bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ifade eder, yani bellekte ayrılacak bölgenin büyüklüğünü ve tipini belirlemek için kullanılır.
C dilinde 4 çeşit temel veri tipi bulunmaktadır.
- char
- int
- float
- double
Fakat bazı özel niteleyiciler vardır. Bunlar yukarıdaki temel tiplerin önlerine gelerek onların türevlerini oluşturur. Bu özel niteleyeciler:
- short
- long
- unsigned
Bu niteleyiciler sayesinde değişkenin bellekte kapladığı alanı istediğimiz gibi değiştirebiliriz.
Kısa ve uzun tam sayı tutacak tanımlayıcılar için int anahtar kelimesinin yazılmasına gerek yoktur.
Örneğin;
short degişken; ile short int değişken; aynı şeyi ifade eder.
short,long ve int veri tipleri arasında sadece uzunluk farkı vardır.
int = 32bit
short = 16bit
long = 64bit
C programlama dilinde veri tiplerinin bellekte kapladığı alan sizeof operatörü ile öğrenilebilir.
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
printf("char : %d byte \n",sizeof(char));
printf("int : %d byte \n",sizeof(int));
printf("short : %d byte \n",sizeof(short));
printf("long : %d byte \n",sizeof(long));
printf("unsigned char : %d byte \n",sizeof(unsigned char));
printf("unsigned short : %d byte \n",sizeof(unsigned short));
printf("unsigned int : %d byte \n",sizeof(unsigned int));
printf("unsigned long : %d byte \n",sizeof(unsigned long));
printf("float : %d byte \n",sizeof(float));
printf("long double : %d byte \n",sizeof(long double));
printf("dobule : %d byte \n",sizeof(double));
}
Kodun ekran çıktısı aşağıdaki gibidir:
Bu veri tiplerinin alt ve üst sınırı da aşağıdaki tablodaki gibidir.
DEĞİŞKENLER
Değişkenler, programın içerisinde üretilen veya dışarıdan alınan değerleri geçici olarak saklamaya yarayan belleklerdir.
Saklamak istediğimiz verinin tipi ve boyutuna göre değişkenimizi belirleriz.
Yani kısacası bir değişkene değer atamak istediğimiz zaman her iki tarafındaki verinin aynı tipte olması gerekiyor.
- a = 5 burada gördüğümüz gibi ‘a’ değişkenine int bir değer atamak istediğimiz için değişkenin tipide int olmalıdır. ( int a = 5 )
- Aynı şekilde ( isim = “Kod Bloklari” ) şeklinde bir değişken oluşturmak istediğimiz zaman da değişkenin char veri tipinde olması gerekiyor.
Veri tiplerini ve değişkenleri öğrendiğimize göre şimdi de değişkenlerin ekrana nasıl yazdırıldığına bakalım.
DEĞİŞKENLERİ EKRANA YAZDIRMA
C programlama dilinde temel veri tipleri kullanarak oluşturduğumuz bütün veri çeşitlerini, kullanılan veri tipini göre o tipe ait format tanımlayıcılarıyla birlikte ekrana yazdırıyoruz.
Aşağıdaki tabloda veri tiplerinin ve her veri tipinin format tanımlayıcısı gösterilmiştir.
Kullanacağımız değişkenin veri tipine göre o veri tipinin format tanımlayacısını kullanarak ekrana yazdırabiliriz.
Veri tiplerini kullanarak çok fazla örnek yapabiliriz. Konuyu örnekler yaparak daha iyi kavramak için C Programlama Dili Örnekleri sayfasında 1 ‘ den 7.soruya kadar olan örnekleri çözebilirsiniz.
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