Döngüler, bir işlemin belli bir koşul altında tekrar edilmesi için kullanılır. For döngüsü, java programlama dilinde sıklıkla kullanılan döngülerden birisidir.
Java programlama dilinde:
- For Döngüsü
- While Döngüsü
- Do-While Döngüsü
olmak üzere 3 farklı döngü çeşidi vardır. Bu bölümde for döngülerini inceleyeceğiz. Diğer döngü çeşitleri için Java Dili While ve Do-While Döngüleri sayfasını ziyaret edebilirsiniz.
FOR DÖNGÜSÜ
For döngüsü, en çok kullanılan döngülerden birisidir. Bir koşula bağlı olarak, belirli bir sayıda ve bir koşul sağlandığı süre boyunca tekrarlanan döngüdür.
Bu dersimizde temel for döngüsünü inceleyeceğiz. Birde Java 5.0 sıfır ile gelen enhanced for loop dediğimiz gelişmiş for döngüsü vardır. Diğer dillerde genellikle foreach döngüsü olarak adlandırılırlar. Bu döngüleri Java Dili Arraylist bölümünde anlatacağım.
Şimdi temel bir for döngüsünün genel yapısını inceleyelim.
for(sayac; kosul; sayac artısı)
{
komut1;
komut2;
..
..
}
Sayaç: Adından da anlaşıldığı üzere döngünün kaç defa çalıştığını gösterir. Sayaç daha önceden de tanımlanabilir.
int i = 0;
for(; i < 10; i++)
{
komut1;
komut2;
...
...
}
Yukarıdaki ‘i’ değişkenini yani sayacı tanımladığımız için for döngüsünün içindeki sayaç kısmını boş bırakıyoruz.
Koşul: Döngünün koşulunu kontrol eder ve koşul sağlandığı sürece döngü çalışmaya devam eder.
Sayaç artışı: Bu bölümde ise sayacın artışını veya azalışını belirleriz. Arttırma ve azaltma işlemlerin detaylı anlatımı için Java Dili Operatörler sayfasında arttırma ve azaltma operatörlerini inceleyebilirsiniz.
Şimdi de for döngüsünü kullanarak basit bir örnek yapalım.
package kodbloklari.com;
public class fordongusu {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
System.out.println("KOD BLOKLARI");
}
}
}
Programın içerisinde bir yazıyı 10 defa yazdırmak istiyorsak, bunun için 10 defa System.out.println() metotudunu kullanmamıza gerek yok. Yukarıdaki kodda da gördüğünüz gibi bunu 2 satırlık basit bir for döngüsü ile gerçekleştirebiliriz.
Yukarıdaki kod kısmında önce sayacı tanımladık ve 0′ dan başlattık. Daha sonra program koşul sağlandığı için devam etti, değeri 1 arttırıldı ve döngünün içerisindeki komutu çalıştırdı. Sonrasında şart sağlanmadığı ( i = 10) süreye kadar döngü devam etti. Böylece döngü 10 defa çalışmış oldu.
Kodun ekran çıktısı şu şekildedir:
For döngüsünün en basit hali bu şekildedir.
FOR Döngüsüyle Faktöriyel Hesabı
Şimdi de For döngüsünü kullanarak faktöriyel hesaplayan bir program yazalım.
Faktöriyel: 1’den kendisine kadar olan sayıların çarpımına denir. ( 5! = 5.4.3.2.1)
Programın kodu aşağıdaki gibidir:
package kodbloklari.com;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class faktoriyel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int faktoriyel = 1;
int sayi;
System.out.print("Bir sayı giriniz: ");
sayi = scan.nextInt();
for(int i = 1; i <= sayi; i++)
{
faktoriyel *= i;
//System.out.println(i + "! = " + faktoriyel); // girilen sayıyı kadar olan faktoriyel
}
System.out.println(sayi + "! = " + faktoriyel);
}
}
Burada döngü değişkenini 1’den başlatıp girdiğimiz sayıya kadar döndüreceğiz. Döngü her döndüğünde elde ettiğimiz sayıyı çarpacağız.
Girilen sayıya kadar olan tüm sayıların faktöriyelini versin istiyorsanız 19.satırdaki açıklama satırını kaldırabilirsiniz.
Kodun ekran çıktısı şu şekildedir:
For döngüsünü kullanarak çok fazla örnek yapabiliriz. Konuyu örnekler yaparak daha iyi kavramak için Java Dili Örnekleri sayfasını inceleyebilirsiniz.
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